CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TOEFL)

1.      If the mechanic had done the work properly, I ___ no problem with my car yesterday.

a.      Would have been

b.      Have had

c.       Would have

d.      Will have

2.      Shally would answer the phone if she ___  at her office right now

a.       Will be

b.      Stays

c.       Has been

d.      Had been

3.      The man hit by the car yesterday would have died if the doctors had not immediately operated on him.

From the above sentences, we may conclude that ___

a.       The man will be immediately operated on

b.      The man is still alive

c.       It’s too late to save the man

d.      The man died after the operation

4.      Why did you leave your very good job in that company ? I ___ if the pay had been better.

a.       Will stay

b.      Have stayed

c.       May stay

d.      Wouldn’t have done it

5.      If only we ___ the police for directions, we wouldn’t have get lost.

a.       Asked

b.      Have asked

c.       Were asking

d.      Had asked

6.      If they had known that the flood was coming, they wouldn’t have stayed in their house. This is means ____

a.       They know that flood was coming, therefore, they stayed in their house.

b.      They decided to stay in their house altough the flood was coming

c.       They couldn’t stay in their house because they knew that the flood was coming

d.      They didn’t know that the flood was coming, therefore they stayed in their house

7.      If only they ___ her arrival tomorrow, they would be very busy today.

a.      Knew

b.      Would know

c.       Have known

d.      Had know

8.      If you visited us this weekend, we won’t be at home as we ___ to Bali by then.

a.       Will go

b.      Would go

c.       Would be going

d.      Will have gone

9.      Linda wasn’t at home yesterday, if she ___ at home yesterday, I ___ her.

a.       Is – will visit

b.      Were – would visit

c.       Had been – would have visited

d.      Stayed – would visit

10.  I’m not good at cook, bu If I ___ i would make all of my own meals.

a.       Have

b.      Will

c.       Were

d.      Was

11.  If our school had been able to get enough sponsors for our marching band, we would have participated in the festival in March. We may conclude that ___

a.      The donated funds were insufficient

b.      There are many donors

c.       We were able to go

d.      We refused to take part

12.  If Andrew had waited ten more minutes, he would not have walked home in the rain.

a.      Andrew come home all wet

b.      The rain stopped when Andrew went home

c.       Ahmad had gone home before it rained

d.      The rain did not

13.  If the students had known that yesterday was public holiday, ___ to school.

a.       They should come

b.      They should have come

c.       They wouldn’t have come

d.      They didn’t come

14.  If he ___ the permission to marry her, he wouldn’t  have married another  woman.

a.       Had loved

b.      Had gotten

c.       Got

d.      Gets

15.  If he had establised clean government, he ___ a lot of criticisms.

a.       Would get

b.      Wouldn’t get

c.       Would have got

d.      Wouldn’t  have got

16.  If the man ___ in the bank scandals, he would not have been fined and jailed for several months.

a.       Was not involved

b.      Would not be involved

c.       Had not been involved

d.      Had involved

17.  Had he been promoted into the new department, he ____ a lot more responsibilities.

a.       Will have

b.      Would have

c.       Would have had

d.      Would make

18.  Many people could have been rescued from the landslide if immediate help had arrived. From the sentece,  we may conclude that ___

a.       A rescue team came immediately

b.      A lot of people died because of the landslide

c.       The landslide didn’t harm anyone

d.      It was just a minor landslide

19.  I could ask my sister to mail these letters. From the sentence, we may conclude that.

a.       I asked my sister to mail the letters

b.      My sister had mail the letters

c.       I mailed the letters myself

d.      I didn’t mail the letters

20.  If you use the city man, I’m sure that you ___

a.       Will get lost

b.      Will be lost

c.       Would have lost

d.      Will not be lost

21.  I didn’t know there was a test yesterday. You ___ me about it.

a.       Would have told

b.      Should tell

c.       Might have told

d.      Should have told

22.  Had I realized that Tim was a bad driver. I ___ my car.

a.       Would not lend

b.      Would not have lent him

c.       Will not lent him

d.      Had not lent him

23.  If the cost living ___ increasing would save a lot of money.

a.       Doesn’t keep

b.      Is not

c.       Was not

d.      Didn’t keep

24.  If I knew that she had not got married ___ her in the end of this year.

a.      Would marry

b.      Will marry

c.       Would have married

d.      Want to marry

25.  I didn’t know that Ann got married last months. You ___ me.

a.       Could tell

b.      Must tell

c.       Could have told

d.      Would have told

Simple Past & Present Perfect (Articles)

(Simple Past)

Apple's Management Team: Before & After Steve Jobs Left

One popular story of late regarding Cook and Apple is that Apple is suffering from brain drain , as employees seek fresh opportunities at Google, LinkedIn and other hot companies now that Apple's stock has fallen from the lofty $700 mark about a year ago to the more modest $500 or so level. Some of this discussion has been prompted by changes at the higher echelons of Apple, namely the management team, since Cook took over.

To sum up the management changes: Jobs stepped down as CEO in August of 2011 and died in October; Cook moved up from COO to CEO; SVP of Mac Hardware Engineering Bob Mansfield retired in June 2012, returned a short while later, the stepped down earlier this summer to focus on special project ; Dan Riccio joined top management ranks overseeing hardware last year; Ron Johnson, head of retail, announced he was leaving Apple in June 2011 and officially left shortly after Jobs' death to head up J.C. Penney;  John Browett replaced Johnson, but was ousted in April 2012, with Cook at least temporarly taking over the retail operations; Scott Forstall, SVP for iOS, also was ousted in 2012; Eddy Cue gained new responsibilities in the wake of the Forstall departure and became part of the top management team, and has even been rumored to be a possible Cook successor if things go south for him;  legendary designer Jonathan Ive was also given increased design responsibilities; and Craig Federighi joined the executive team overseeing software engineering after Forstall left, and played a starring role in Apple's iOS 7 announcement in June.

Here's a look at what that team looks like now vs. on Aug. 16, 2011, shortly before Jobs stepped down and Cook took over as CEO.

(Present Perfect)

Integration Management of Western Acquisitions in Japan

Historically, Japan has received significantly less cross-border foreign direct investment (FDI) than other developed countries. However, in recent years, intensified globalization and deregulation has led to a sharp increase in cross-border M&A transactions in Japan. Press, media, consultants and Japanese managers seem extremely optimistic that the flow of cross-border M&A will continue to expand. During this process, foreign companies are expected to help restructure distressed companies By doing so, foreign companies might play a role in the currently discussed process of converging management practices.

Despite general enthusiasm, the performance of companies following M&A transactions has been rather disappointing. In a study of 1,700 companies in the USA, Europe and Japan, quote a failure rate of 70 per cent. Among the larger cross-border M&A in Japan, a few multinational companies are already struggling with their acquisitions. In this study, we analyze one of these unsuccessful acquisitions, namely Daimler Chrysler-Mitsubishi, and compare it with the successful Renault-Nissan acquisition. In both cases a Western automobile company, French and German-American respectively, acquired a controlling stake in a distressed Japanese automobile company.

Despite several similar starting conditions, these two acquisitions developed widely divergent outcomes that suggest differences in post-acquisition integration processes. Other authors familiar with the Renault-Nissan case have also argued that success lies more in post-acquisition management than in strategic, legal or financial issues. Therefore, this study focuses on analyzing the post-acquisition integration management process.

Post-acquisition integration processes have often been described as the decisive factor in M&A success Following, we divided the post-acquisition integration process into organizational integration (task integration) and human integration (employee resistance). Whereas organizational integration deals with the operational integration of the firms, human integration analyzes the (mostly negative) reactions of employees towards M&A integration, and methods of managing these reactions.

The majority of previous studies have tried to single out and analyze only one factor within one of these two categories. As a result, findings have been mixed and sometimes even contradictory. Few studies have tried to integrate various aspects to reach a better understanding of the M&A process made a first attempt at a more comprehensive analysis by investigating the role of organizational and human integration in acquisitions. However, their theory was based on only three successful acquisition cases, of Swedish companies in Europe and America.

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